- Published on June 14, 2025
- In AI Features
How UPI is Powering a Billion Transactions Every Day
If Kanvaty were to build UPI in 2025 with infinite compute and budget, he said he would mostly still use the same architecture.
- By Mohit Pandey
UPI is the poster child of India’s tech innovation and a benchmark for things to come. Its simple design and the sheer capability to scale it to a billion users make it a masterpiece—one that the world has been trying to replicate in vain.
Behind UPI’s seamless simplicity lies a story of hard-won technological independence, system-level thinking, and relentless problem-solving. At the centre of this story is Vishal Anand Kanvaty, CTO at NPCI, and one of the key architects of UPI.
Kanvaty opened up with AIM about the evolution of NPCI’s technology journey and the foundational decisions behind UPI’s architecture. “We had three phases at NPCI,” Kanvaty said, reflecting on the organisation’s tech evolution.
In the first phase, everything from product design to operatio
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Mohit Pandey
Mohit writes about AI in simple, explainable, and often funny words. He's especially passionate about chatting with those building AI for Bharat, with the occasional detour into AGI.
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