Orchestrating a Healthcare AI Symphony in India Through Federated Learning 

In India’s hospitals, data tells very different stories. A Delhi TB clinic may show endless lung scans, while an oncology hospital in Chennai stores tumour-heavy datasets. For artificial intelligence (AI), this abundance is both a blessing and a curse: plenty of data but little coherence. Patient data is sensitive and very varied across different kinds of hospitals, says Hima Makonahally Pratap, physician advisory board member at the International Journal of Clinical Research. “Each hospital has its own unique set of patients, and data is stored separately, not just for privacy reasons, but because their very nature differs.” This is where federated learning (FL) comes into play, a framework that enables AI models to learn collaboratively across hospitals, without transferring